Resources for pre-calculus - II

A Teacher Quality Grant Project   
   supported by the THECB and TEA

 

Resources on algebra and pre - calculus
( with an emphasis on web-based interactives)

  
Algebra Catagories:   

Real Numbers  
Relations & Functions  
Linear Functions  
Systems of Equations/Ineqalities  
Quadratic Functions  
Polynomial Functions  
Rational Functions  
Radicals and Roots  
Square Root Functions   
Exponential Functions  
Logarithms  
Matrices 
Virtual Manipulatives 

Precalculus Catagories:  
 
Parametric Equations   
Polar Coordinates/Equations  
Conic Sections  
Trigonometric Functions  
Trigonometric Identities  
Other Trigonometry Topics  
Combinatorics  
Mathematical Induction  
Sequence and Series  
Continuity, Limits. and Tangents 
Miscellaneous Catagories:  

Data Sources, Scatterplots, Regressions 
Graphing Calculators 
Geometer's Sketchpad in Algebra & Precalculus 
Standardized Tests and Test Preparation  
Lists of Famous Curves 
History of Mathematics 
General Sites

 Real Numbers
MathSteps - lesson ideas for teaching real number classifications 
Purplemath - a nice lesson on number types
Multiple Choice Test of Number Sets - a nice interactive test over number sets definitions and closure under the various sets - would make a great review or extra credit
Types of Numbers - a great 3D Venn of the number sets - you will have to download a plug-in to see it


Relations & Functions
Vertical Line Test - a Project Interactive applet allowing students to investigate the vertical line test 
Possible or Not? -   a Project Interactive applet - students decide if a given graph is a function and if it represents a possible situation in the real world
Purplemath - a wealth of lessons including function definition, function notation, function transformations, direct and inverse variation, etc.
Moving Man - a great applet by Lisa Denise Murphy - drag the "moving man" and the applet generates distance, velocity, and acceleration graphs
Operations on Functions - a graphing applet that will graph f(x), g(x), and the sum, difference, product, quotient, inverse, and composite functions - a little slow to load, but worth it - includes linear and trig functions
Graph or Not a Graph? - an interactive test  - for each graph click "function" or "not a function"  then check out your score - a great review or extra credit activity
Function Transformation Applets - separate applets for vertical translations, horizontal translations, vertical stretch, and horizontal stretch
Function Composition Applet - input f(x) and g(x) then drag a point to vary the input - watch the composition change accordingly
Inverse Functions - an explanation of inverse functions with very nice visuals
Exploring Inverse Functions - a very nice treatment of inverse functions including Java applets and a QuickTime movie TOP



Linear Functions
Function Toolkit - A JavaSketchpad Interactive - drag a point along the x-axis and generate a linear function - see effects of parameter changes
Modeling Orbital Debris Problems - uses the orbital debris problem to investigate linear and quadratic functions - with printable student activity sheets
Linear Regression & Correlation - i-Maths Investigation - investigate best fit line with an interactive online applet, online and downloadable student questions
Exploring Linear Functions - a nice applet showing the effect of changes to m and b on the graph of y = mx + b
Exploring Linear Data - printable student pages investigating four different situations modeled by linear functions - high student interest topics
Fun and Sun Rent-a-Car - an exploration by Cynthia Lanius modeling various rate plans using a Java based grapher - also available as a print version
Function Machine - from Utah State University - a very nice animated function machine - students look for patterns and predict results 
Slope Slider and Function Flyer - Project Interactive applets designed for student exploration - very nice
Function Machines from Project Interactive - several to choose from
MathSteps - lesson ideas for teaching linear equations
Purplemath - a wealth of lessons including all aspects of linear functions
The Big Function Graph Puzzle - earn points by correctly matching the equation to the graph - a great way to review transformations - combination of linear and quadratic functions
Linear Functions Applets - Java applets for slope-intercept, point-slope, and standard form - change the values of the coefficients and watch the resulting change in the graph TOP


Systems
Systems of Equations in Electronics - applications of systems to electronics, several solving methods with interactive "solvers", includes matrices
Supply and Demand - An Application of Linear Systems - three printable student activity sheets with internet extensions  
Purplemath - a wealth of lessons including systems of equations and inequalities - includes solving by Gaussian elimination and systems word problems
Solving Two Equations - from Webmath - the users inputs two equations - the applet solves the system and walks the user step by step through the process
Intersection Calculator - input the slope and y-intercept of two lines and the calculator finds the intersection
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Quadratic Functions
Exploring Parabolas - a JavaSketchpad interactive
Function Toolkit - A JavaSketchpad Interactive - drag a point along the x-axis and generate a linear function - see effects of parameter changes
Completing the Square Applet - students change the parameters and the calculator completes the square
Purplemath - a wealth of lessons including quadratic formula, completing the square, etc.
The Big Function Graph Puzzle - earn points by correctly matching the equation to the graph - a great way to review transformations - combination of linear and quadratic functions
Where does the quadratic formula come from? - a nice derivation of the quadratic formula that would be good for extra credit or inclusion in a webquest
Quadratic Solver - input the values of the coefficients and the solver gives the discriminant and the roots (including complex roots)
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Polynomial Functions
Function Toolkit - A JavaSketchpad Interactive - drag a point along the x-axis and generate a linear function - see effects of parameter changes 
Polynomial Roots Calculator - calculates the roots of a polynomial function up to degree 5 (real roots only)
Polynomial Function Graphs - Java applets for graphing polynomial functions up to the fifth degree - change the values of the coefficients and watch the resulting change in the graph
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Rational Functions
Whelk-Come to Mathematics: Using Rational Functions to Investigate the Behavior of Northwestern Crows - an i-Maths Investigation - collect data in a lab setting or use online data, analyze with online tools - very nice online student version
Purplemath - a wealth of lessons including rational functions and complex fractions
Transformations on 1/x - an interactive applet allows the user to change parameters and watch the effect of the graph - very nice 
Rational Functions - more material from the makers of the above applet - several other applets also available as well as good notes
Precalculus On-line Lab on Rational Functions - applet allows for graphing multiple functions in various colors - exercises lead students from transformations on 1/x to slant asymptotes and partial fractions - first part could easily work in Algebra
Rational Functions Match-up Puzzles - two interactive puzzles matching graphs of rational funcitons to their equations - fun
Transformations of f(x)=1/x - Java applets for graphing 1st degree rational functions - change the values of the coefficients and watch the resulting change in the graph
Rational Function Applets - Java applets for graphing rational functions up to the 3rd degree - change the values of the coefficients and watch the resulting change in the graph TOP


Radicals and Roots and Square Root Functions
Function Toolkit - A JavaSketchpad Interactive - drag a point along the x-axis and generate a linear function - see effects of parameter changes
Purplemath - a wealth of lessons including radicals
Radical Equations - a nice step by step tutorial - would be great for the student who was absent the day you taught this!
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Exponential Functions
Function Toolkit - A JavaSketchpad Interactive - drag a point along the x-axis and generate a linear function - see effects of parameter changes
Chickscope EggMath - investigate the value of e by studying chicken embryo growth rate - a nice site
Shedding Light on the Subject: Function Models of Light Decay - an i-Maths Investigation - collect data in a lab setting or use online data, analyze with online tools - very nice online student version
Purplemath - a wealth of lessons including exponential functions
Exponentials Resources from Charles Sturt University - includes slide shows, teaching ideas, tutorials, applications, assessments
In Search of the Missing e - a webquest that review exponential equations and investigates various applications
Population Growth - an internet project using real census data to study population growth
Transformations of f(x)=2^x - Java applets for graphing exponential functions - change the values of the coefficients and watch the resulting change in the graph
Financial Applications of Exponential Functions - explore various applications of exponential functions - each with each own specialized calculator TOP


Logarithms
Function Toolkit - A JavaSketchpad Interactive - drag a point along the x-axis and generate a linear function - see effects of parameter changes
Purplemath - a wealth of lessons including logarithms
Logarithm Resources from Charles Sturt University - includes slide shows, teaching ideas, tutorials, applications, assessments TOP


Matrices
Purplemath - a wealth of lessons including lots of matrices
Stepwise Matrix Multiplier - an interactive applet showing step by step how to multiply matrices - very nice
Matrix Multiplier - the next step from the previous source - students must perform the calculation and the applet checks their work
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Virtual Manipulatives
Virtual Algebra Tiles - from Utah State University - my favorite web-based tiles - easy to manipulate - includes activities
Algebra Balance Scales - from Utah State University - place x and units blocks on a scale and keep it balanced while solving for x - very nice - includes lots of problems to solve 
Expression Balance - interactive pan balance allows numeric or algebraic expressions to be entered and compared - great for deciding if expressions are equal TOP


Parametrics
Plotting Parametric Curves - a graphing utility for parametric curves
Parametric Equations from Visual Calculus - a nice tutorial on plotting parametric equations with short flash animations 
Another Parametric Graphing Applet  - shows various curves and challenges students to graph them TOP


Polar Coordinates and Equations
Polar/Recangular Coordinates Converter - a nice applet that helps students understand the difference between point forms
Polar/Cartesian Coordinates Applets - students drag the points and watch the coordinates change to gain an intuitive understanding of the coordinate systems
Polar Curves - short movies showing the plotting of polar curves - very nice TOP


Conic Sections
Exploring Parabolas - A JavaSketchpad Interactive connecting directrix and focus to the parabola's graph
Exploring Ellipses and Hyperbolas - A JavaSketchpad Interactive
Chickscope EggMath - uses egg shape to compare ellipses and ovals - a nice site
Conic Flyer - a Project Interactive applet - change the parameters and watch the effect on the graphs of various conics - would make a great introduction
Purplemath - a wealth of lessons including conics
Sections of a Cone Applet - an applet that allows the student to set parameters for a plane and see how the resulting plane intersects a cone
Conics by Xah Lee - a wealth of information from history to equations to applications and more links - beautiful Mathematica created graphs
An Introduction To Conic Sections - by James Sellers - an online textbook with good examples - includes rotation of axes
Parabolic, Elliptical, and Hyperbolic Reflectors - QuickTime movies of a pulse reflecting off the surfaces of conic reflectors - great!
Conics Notes & Exercizes - by the author of the above movies - a very good resource
Conic Sections at Zona Land - very nice visuals of the plane cutting the cone to form the various conics TOP


Trigonometric Functions
Function Toolkit - A JavaSketchpad Interactive - drag a point along the x-axis and generate a linear function - see effects of parameter changes
Sine and Tangent Curve Animations - QuickTime movies - very good
Trigonometric Functions Resources from Charles Sturt University - includes slide shows, teaching ideas, tutorials, applications, assessments
Operations on Functions - a graphing applet that will graph f(x), g(x), and the sum, difference, product, quotient, inverse, and composite functions - a little slow to load, but worth it - includes linear and trig functions
Trig Graphs from the Unit Circle - a Java applet that shows how the sine, cosine, and tangent graphs are generated from the unit circle
Trig Graphs Match-up Puzzles - two interactive puzzles matching graphs of rational funcitons to their equations - fun - from the same source as the link above
Sound Sketch - see how sine waves convert to sound - sketch and sound and then listen to see how varying the wave varies pitch and intensity - fun!
Sine Wave Applet - set the frequency and amplitude of two sine waves then watch the applet graph both waves and their sum
Superposition Applet - type in any functions f(x,t) and g(x,t) and see their sum - really a Physics site with great flexibility
Common Angles Around a Circle - shows all the common angles in the unit circle and gives their measure in degrees and radians
Trig Functions Point Definitions - a really nice applet that shows a point on the x-y plane with its accompanying reference triangle and the point's corresponding position on the graph of the trig function - all six trig functions available - one of my favorites!
The Radian - a great definition of the radian with a Java animation showing the radius equal to the arc length

TOP



Trigonometric Identities
Identities Applets - four Java applet quizzes over identities and a true/false quiz
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Other Trig Topics
Trigonometry Resources from Charles Sturt University - includes slide shows, teaching ideas, tutorials, applications, assessments
Navigational Vectors - internet project that uses real time navigational data in the study of vectors - fun!
Car Storm Chaser - a single vector controls the direction of your storm chaser car - follow the storm
Airplane Storm Chaser - two vectors control the motion of your airplane - follow the storm
Resultant of Forces - a very nice applet for teaching vector sums
Degrees/Minutes/Seconds Calculator - convert degrees to DMS and vice versa
Right Triangle Solvers - a trio of solvers - input the two known sides and let the solver find the third TOP


 Probability and Combinatorics
Frequency Distribution Calculator - calculates the frequency distribution of possible sums from throwing multiple dice and possible outcomes from tossing a coin and graphs the results
Virtual Coin Toss - from Utah State University - a very nice interface - table and graph of data from multiple coin tosses
Proejct Interactive - a whole range of probability simulation applets - my favorites are "Rabbits and Wolves", "Life", and "Buffon's Needle" 
Cut-the-Knot Probability Page - a collection of 20+ problems in probability - most are interactive Java applets
Plinko! and Probability - vry high interest for students - includes online simulators and teacher notes
The Amazing Mathematical Object Factory - generates objects for combinations, permutations, etc.
The Combinatorial Object Server - the more sophisticated cousin of the site above - this one worked better for me
Thoughts on Teaching Permutations, Combinations and the Binomial Theorem - interesting
Binomial Theorem - good information here
Mrs. Glosser's Probability Lessons - iteractive learning modules - some available on CD only
What are the Odds? - a collection of lesson plans on probability with an interactive quiz that helps to reveal student misconceptions.
A Casino Game - play a roulette type game and explore the math behind it
Three Easy Pieces - Java applets let you explore the birthday problem, the poker problem, and Bufoon's needle problem
The Josephus Problem - play an elimination game then study the math to move from seeing a pattern to explaining the pattern using recursive reasoning TOP


Mathematical Induction
Mathematical Induction - good information - could supplement your text 
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Series and Sequence
Visualizing an Infinite Series - a great tool for understanding infinite series from Cynthia Lanius
Sum of Arithmetical Progression - an interactive applet leading the derivation of the sum formula
Series & Sequences Resources from Charles Sturt University - includes slide shows, teaching ideas, tutorials, applications, assessments
Numerical Computation Tools for Sequence and Series - input the formula for the nth term and quickly computer terms in the sequence or partial sums - quick and easy to see terms and sums approaching a limit
Arithmetic or Geometric? - an interactive quiz - label each sequence as arithmetic or geometric then check out your score - would make a great review or extra credit
Convergent or Divergent? - an interactive quiz - label each sequence as convergent or divergent then check out your score - would make a great review or extra credit TOP


Continuity, Limits, and Tangents
Stressed Out: Slope as a Rate of Change - Cynthia Lanius investigates the slope of a tangent to a parabola 
Moving Man - a great applet by Lisa Denise Murphy - drag the "moving man" and the applet generates distance, velocity, and acceleration graphs - could be used to introduce derivatives 
Numerical Computation Tools for Sequence and Series - input the formula for the nth term and quickly computer terms in the sequence or partial sums - quick and easy to see terms and sums approaching a limit
Continuous or Discontinuous? - an interactive quiz - label each sequence as continuous or discontinuous then check out your score - would make a great review or extra credit TOP


Data Sources, Scatterplots and Regressions  
Vital Signs Data and Spreadsheet Analysis - Data collection and analysis activity - build your own spreadsheets from the online data or use the online examples
Brrrr....Wind Chill is Chilly- finding the line of best fit for wind chill data - a very nice investigation with both math and science extensions
Put the Heart into Mathematics: Cardiac Output, Rates of Change and Accumulation - an i-Maths Investigation - collect data in a lab setting and analyze with online tools - can be used from Algebra 2 to Calculus
Using Graphs, Equations, and Tables to Investigate the Elimination of Medicine from the Body: Modeling the Situation - use an interactive applet to collect data, use online tools to investigate the effects of parameter changes
Real Data Sources from ENC - lots of links to sources for real-life data
Virtual Scatterplotter - from Utah State University - plot data points and watch the best-fit line adjust accordingly - really nice!
Flowing Through Mathematics - interactive applet simulates water flowing from a tube through a hole in the bottom - adjust the diameter of the hole and gather data for the height or volume of water in the tube - great activity questions!
Picturing Functions - click on the picture (10 to choose from) to collect data points for the curves - the applet plots the data, performs a regression, and graphs the curve over original picture then calculates the arc length of the curve - awesome!
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Graphing Calculators
Virtual Grapher - from Utah State University - a very user friendly interface - graph up to 3 functions in 3 colors, change parameters with sliders
Graph Sketcher - a Project Interactive applet - type in your function, set your view window and click graph - a nice source for printing graphs
SimCalc - software for the TI-83 plus allowing it to run simulations - sample available for download
Simple Data Grapher - input the legend and scale for your graph then input the data - the grapher creates a nice printable graph
EZ Graph - a fully functional online grapher
TI Tutorials - how to documents for the TI-82 and TI-83
Casio Programs - downloadable programs for the Casio 9850+
Casio Programs - more downloadable programs for the Casio 9850+ and 7400G
Casio Programs - more downloadable programs for the Casio 9850+
Casio Programs - downloadable programs for the Casio FX 2.0
Casio Programs - downloadable programs for the Casio EA100 Data Collector
ticalc.org - TI calculator help, downloadable programs, programming contests, etc.
TI Program Archives - downloadable programs for all TI graphing calculators
TI Programs - downloadable programs for the TI CBL Data Collector TOP


Geometer's Sketchpad in Algebra & Precalculus
Exploring Parabolas - A JavaSketchpad interactive with downloadable Sketchpad file
Exploring Ellipses and Hyperbolas - A JavaSketchpad Interactive with downloadable Sketchpad file
Function Toolkit - A JavaSketpad Interactive modeling all the standard Algebra and Precalculus functions with downloadable Sketchpad files
Conic Sections As the Locus of Perpendicular Bisectors - a JavaSketchpad applet mimicing traditional paper folding of conics - very nice
Least Squares - a very nice JavaSketchpad applet illustrating the least squares regression - explains clearly why its called "least squares"
Sine Waver - another nice JavaSketchpad applet - relates the sine wave to the unit circle
Lissajous Curves - a JavaSketchpad applet showing the family of Lissajous curves
The Witch of Agnesi - a JavaSketchpad applet demonstrating this classic curve TOP


Standardized Tests and Test Preparation
Released TAKS Tests - released versions of the Texas Assessment of Knowledge and Skills - the grade 9-11 tests cover Algebra 1 and Geometry
California State Testing - links to various components of California's testing system
National Assessment of Educational Progress - explore and print questions from the mathematics portion of the NAEP
New York State Regents Exams - archive of past regents exams in pdf format
Virginia State Practice Tests - choose 10, 20, or 40 questions in various subjects and grade levels
Third International Math and Science Survery - grade 12 math and science test
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Lists of Famous Curves
Famous Curves Index - from the University of St. Andrews, Scotland - everything from lines to conics and polars to curves you may never have heard of before!
2dcurves - A collection of 674 mathematical curves by Jan Wassenaar with Java interactives - a great site
Visual Dictionary of Famous Plane Curves- by Xah Lee - galleries of curve families -nicely done
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History of Mathematics
History Topics Index - from the University of St. Andrews, Scotland - absolutely the best overall site for Math History
Ptolemy's Table of Chords - a great background to trig units, explains Ptolemy's use of double and half angle identities
Earliest Use of Math Symbols - a handy reference for the first use of common math symbols by Jeff Miller
Earliest Use of Math Words - another handy reference tool by Jeff Miller
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General Sites
WebMath - a good student tutorial from basic Algebra to Calculus
Purplemath - extensive lessons covering all of High School Math
Illuminations - a collaboration between NCTM and MarcoPolo Education - a great collection of lesson plans and interactives
Zona Land - lots of great explanations and interactives for Math and Science TOP

compiled by De-Vonna Clark